Tobacco Advertising Essay - 608 Words

Tobacco Advertising Although the Tobacco Industry recently paid enormous fines to the US Government and Individual states, they continue to promote smoking and influence young human beings world wide to use their products through multi dimensional advertising. For decades Americans were not told the truth about the dangers of smoking. The media stayed silent because it did not want to lose the hundreds of millions of dollars it made from cigarette advertising. The hopeful result of the tobacco lawsuits would be that the advertising target market would not be the young. The fact that the Tobacco Companies lose three thousand to five thousand customers each day causes the industry to look for replacements†¦show more content†¦A very popular technique used in propaganda is plain folk. This is a technique when advertising makes the average American citizen feel he can relate to the people in the advertisement. For instance, an advertisement in Men s Health depicted a family camping trip with a honorable father smoking while singing around a campfire to his kids. Also, an additional promotion that was found in this magazine was a healthy in shape man smoking. This is an unrealistic situation for healthy and well-respected fathers. Another way people are shielded from the negative reality of tobacco use is through celebrities. This is called testimonial techniques of propaganda. Testimonial technique is an extremely important and controversial method. This technique is when a celebrity or notorious person gimmicks people into the product by making it seem better because they use it or promote it. One example of this is Emmit Smith using chewing tobacco. His slogan, Pinch between your cheek and gums, is catchy and appealing to football fans. This is a extremely unhealthy promotion for young athletes. The catch with a testimonial technique is it might appear as though the celebrity enjoys a product when in reality he/she has n ever touched it. The last technique of propaganda is Bandwagon. The bandwagon technique makes people feel like they should go along with the crowd. This technique usually succeeds because most people have a deepShow MoreRelatedThe Ban Of The Tobacco Advertising1084 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent when looking at the Indian Government’s deliberation over tobacco marketing and the usage of tobacco impacting their economy and population. The Government of India proposed bans on tobacco advertising leading to arguments for and against, it is however important to analyze both sides those in favor an those against, and any conflicts of interest that may be involved. Taking a closer look at those in favor of the tobacco advertising bans there are several factors to be considered. The GovernmentRead MoreArgument On The Tobacco Advertising944 Words   |  4 Pages ARGUMENT ON THE TOBACCO ADVERTISING On Feb 6, 2001 Government of India (GOI) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would shortly table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The people that support the government plan on banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their product, believe state had the right to intervene in the overall interest of the citizens. They also cited the exampleRead MoreThe Issue Of Tobacco Advertising960 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of how tobacco companies try to influence teenagers into adulthood to consume tobacco was further highlighted in a legal case in the US that resulted in a ban on certain adverts that were said to attract the young into smoking Camel cigarettes. The supporters made a strong argument on the financial contribution of the tobacco industry to the Indian economy, in that they showed that not only the profits made in tax were low, but the spending made on health as a result of smoking, surpassedRead MoreThe Ban On Tobacco Advertising987 Words   |  4 PagesOn Feb 6, 2001, Government of India announced a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. Summarize the arguments for the ban on tobacco advertising in India. Advocates of free choice opposed to these prohibitions, saying these amounted to unwarranted intrusion by the state into theRead MoreEssay on Tobacco Advertising1910 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction To say that tobacco advertising stimulates tobacco sales may seem a simple and moderate statement. In reality, tobacco control activists often meet serious opposition in defending this fact. Achieving the restriction or banning of tobacco advertising is one of the fiercest battles to face. Tobacco lobbyists usually assert that advertising does not increase the overall quantity of tobacco sold. Rather, the tobacco industry maintains that advertising merely enhances the market share ofRead MoreTobacco Advertising Is Illegal but Alcohol Is Not. Is This Hypocritical?3161 Words   |  13 PagesCOMM 3P14 – Media Industries Tobacco Advertising is Illegal, but Advertising for Alcohol is not, Is This Hypocritical? Rebecca Stewart 4574927 Russell Johnston Seminar 3 November 11, 2012 Advertisements are a vital part of any company’s marketing strategy, and are used to inform or persuade an audience about a certain product or service. In fact, North American companies are among the world’s highest advertisers (Boone et al., 2010, 502). Today, an average consumer is exposed to hundredsRead MoreTobacco Advertising Essay example1734 Words   |  7 PagesTobacco Advertising Tobacco is one of the most popular products in today’s market, but in order to be universally known, it needs to be advertised either by magazines and newspapers or by posters but not by television as â€Å" due to mounting clue of health dangers television commercials for smoking were banned beginning in 1971† (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2). Tobacco advertising is much popular these days and we can support that it is the  ¨ food  ¨ of tobacco industries in order to keep themRead MoreTobacco Advertising And The Indian Government997 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Advertising and the Indian Government An Analysis of the Case Study In February of 2001, India joined many developed nations in a long-held and ongoing debate; that of the ethical responsibility of government in regards to the advertising of tobacco products. By 2001 many other nations had already decided to either place bans on or strongly restrict the advertising of tobacco products in an attempt to curb usage and thereby avoid the ill health effects associated with the product. While theRead MoreThe Ban On Advertising Tobacco Products885 Words   |  4 PagesThe ban put on advertising tobacco products in India has caused a lot of debates. Some say it violates the constitution, others say it saves lives. Each side sets a valid argument, but which side is right? These bans do not only exist in India. They have been put into action in many different countries as well. Tobacco use kills 5.4 million people a year, averaging at about half of all smokers. (W.H.O.-Facts) I think that everyone is aware of how bad tobacco use is for your health. What peopleRead MoreThe Tobacco Advertising Ban951 Words   |  4 PagesSome of the arguments which support the placing of the tobacco advertising ban in India are:  · Some might feel that people’s freedom of choice is being affected by this ban imposed by the government but it could also be argued the state should be able to intervene in a situation where its subordinates’ health is at risk, just like a father looks after his underage baby who is not aware of what is good or harmful for him. The country’s government would be doing what is best for its citizens

Analysis Of Louisianan And Hispanic Texan Forms - 876 Words

As someone who identifies with both culture varieties in Louisianan and Hispanic Texan forms, one can see the various types of differences, including music, food, recreation, and life as a seventeen-year-old. As a senior in high school, my parents still give my commutes to and from school. This can be shown by the quote, â€Å"In short, the society in which you grow up, and your particular location in that society, lie at the center of what you do and how you think† (James M. Henslin, 2014, pg. 3.) A noticeable confliction shows when my dad drives me to school, he plays the radio, which predominantly plays country music. However, when my mom picks me up from school, she uses Pandora, which gives her more independence on choosing the genre she wants. The songs she often wants to hear is Mariachi, a Spanish-speaking music genre which mixes pop culture in Mexico, folk tales, and current issues. When I either practice my driving or hang out with friends, music genre tends to lean towards what is popular amongst my age group and location, which is pop and country. When I am around my family and relatives, music tends to be in Spanish, such as Mariachi and Spanish Pop. A Mexican-American culture had been forming over generations in my family tree, as my grandparents are from Mexico and my parents are from South Texas. When I visit my grandparents and other relatives, who mainly live at the tip of Southern Texas, cultural changes start to become more apparent as radio stations change

SATIRE AND THE SIMPSONS Essay Example For Students

SATIRE AND THE SIMPSONS Essay Most of the criticism regarding television programs lies in the fact that they have little or no substance. Programs such as Beverly Hills 90210, Friends or Dawsons Creek leave an educated viewer in despair while they grow restless searching for some sort of entertainment worthy of their intelligence. Ironically enough a sigh of relief comes in the form of a cartoon, The Simpsons. This program gives us an opportunity to laugh at ourselves, which is often sorely needed. The Simpsons is an excellent television show for the educated viewer because of the satirical comedy which lets us laugh while it deals with social issues. Being a cartoon strip is perhaps the most ingenious aspect of The Simpsons. Had the program consisted of live actors and actresses many of the issues would be too personal to address and much of the humor would be lost. Characters such as the tyrannical Mr. Burns and Barney, the drunkard, would lose much of their appeal if represented by live actors. The writers do not have to find actors or actresses to represent the characters they created. All of the characters in the Simpsons represent a stereotype of American culture. This extreme representation of stereotypes ethnic and racial serves as the foundation to the programs humor. Not only can we laugh at the antics of the show, but at ourselves as well. The broad range of personalities represented will likely include some aspect that almost everyone can associate with. This chance to laugh at ourselves is often sorely needed and gives us a chance to reflect on certain aspects of our own life. This satirical approach to comedy requires an educated viewer because of its subtleties. Each character in the show has something to offer the audience. Perhaps the best way of putting this is by saying that the writers of The Simpsons force their characters, from the immigrants to the local fundamentalist menace to the all-American elementary school principal, to follow their respective stereotypes strictly. There is Apu Nahasapeemipetilon, the Hindu convenience store owner who is familiar with the procedure for armed robbery; the red-neck named Cletus, the slack-jawed yokel; the red-haired, kilt-wearing, wolf-wrestling elementary school janitor, Scotsman Groundskeeper Willie; Grandpa Simpson, the shrinking, senile, debilitated old man; the heavy-metal fan and bus driver Otto, with his frequent acid flashbacks; and Waylon Smithers, the doll-collecting gay man with a crush on his boss. There are also some humorous references to Jews on The Simpsons. One recurring theme is Jews in the mediathere is the news anchor, Kent Brockman, whose real name is Kenny Brocklestein, and the beloved entertainer Krusty the Clown (really Herschel Krustovsky). In fact, one show is completely centered around the Jewish faith, when Krusty searches for his estranged father, Rabbi Hyman Krustovsky. Unlike many programs where extras are used to just fill time and space, The Simpsons creators gave every character a purpose or strong character traits. Take for example Barney, a bright college student with a promising future. Homer introduced Barney to beer which transformed Barney into a drunk instantaneously. This tragic situation seems funny, but there are many people who turned to alcohol during their younger years and ruined what could have been a happy and fulfilling life. Their transformation probably occurred over a period of time longer than the one second it took Barney, but it did happen. That is the beauty of this comedy. It deals with individual problems in a manner where we can laugh at them and learn from their ordeals at the same time. Like most satire the show uses mockery, stereotypes, and humor to point out mankinds vices. The shows satire attacks traditional institutions such as the family and workplace as well as individuals. The most obvious examples of stereotypical behavior exist within the primary and nuclear family. The Simpsons family shares few characteristics with the ideal family in other comedy sitcoms; however that is where the true genius subsides. The family unit consists of a father, mother, three children, and a dog who live in suburban America. The father works for a nuclear power plant, the wife takes care of the ho use and kids, and the children except for Maggie are in grade school. They meet all the criteria of a typical suburban working class family. Even their children meet the viewers stereotypes of what they should be. .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b , .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .postImageUrl , .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b , .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b:hover , .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b:visited , .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b:active { border:0!important; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b:active , .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9fca3e3d30d51fac23feb7d04b1f7e2b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Did The North Won The Civil War EssayBart could be described as mischievous and disobedient; hes a slacker, but hes no fool. The beauty of this character lays on his ability to represent the Generation X. Lisa is the perfect foil to Bart. Serving as his sibling rival figure, she is a smart young girl with little self esteem, she is musical, ethical and honest. Lisas character is often the only voice of reason; she is the only person with a sense of morality. But, lets not forget that she is a child. She is just as prone to making mistakes as any other kid. Just like her daughter Lisa, Marge is a relatively good individual. She is a dedicated homemaker and a good mother with an endearing heart. The most important thing about Marge is her three feet tall blue hairdo. However, all of these hilarious parodies pale in comparison with the ultimate stereotype of The Simpsons: Homer. The bald, beer-guzzling, self-centered, irresponsible, forgetful, obese, lazy, and inhumanly stupid deadbeat dad. The show also challenges political stereotypes. Other institutions that are challenged in the show include the police department and the mayors office. Chief Wiggum, the captain of the Springfield Police Department, has all the stereotypical characteristics associated with police. Hes fat, lazy, eats donuts, and is corrupt. The only public official that rivals him would be the womanizing Mayor Diamond Joe Quimby who is even more corrupt. The evidence of satire in the Simpsons goes well beyond anything one essay can state. The Simpsons rose from a comic strip to a thirty second spot on the Tracy Ullman Show to the major prime time show that it is today. The creati vity of the writers produced a show whose popularity extends to foreign countries. It is this comedic setting that allows the shows producers to actually point out more serious problems in society today by addressing to moral issues and challenging stereotypes. Critics of the show claim that it is crude and needs to be put off the air, but I consider The Simpsons to be a show charged with constructive criticism towards our society. It is a clever portrait of the American Dream.

Play A Key Factor on an Individuals Development

An analysis of Dr. Stuart Brown’s Book Play: How It shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination and Invigorates the SoulAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Play: A Key Factor on an Individual’s Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Very often when we hear the word-play we frequently associate it with juvenile behaviours and activities of children; the adults caught are usually stereotyped as silly. However, what we are unaware of is that play is not only exclusive to the young ones rather it is highly significant in influencing the lives of most, if not all living creatures. In his book, â€Å"Play: How It Shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination and Invigorates the Soul†, Dr. Stuart Brown discusses the importance of play in human development through the enhancement of one’s analytical skills in dealing with problems at work or at home, paving ways for creativity and imagination that ma y contribute to one’s daily activities for the betterment of the future and may even eradicate dullness felt with the gradual lost of meaning and happiness through the improvement of one’s outlook in life. The play attitude of human beings is highly connected to that of our ape brothers though the purpose of such acts may not be completely similar. Play in the human race has been associated with an ability of an individual to interact with another person, group, object or himself which is directly proportional to how he thrives in his life, play also triggers creativity and innovation, summing up the importance of play in the development of human life in general. Play in human behaviour had been evident many millennia before concrete studies were made on the subject. In their findings archaeologist associate play with that of Ethnologists’ theory on the play of the closest species, the apes (De Waal 2009). However, though play in apes is quite similar to that of humans such as laughing, tickling and wrestling, the purpose of such may differ in a sense that animals simply play for the purpose of teasing, being friendly or pretend while for human beings, play may also be more complex than that. Human beings’ complex play depends on finding a deeper meaning in life, creativity, imagination or innovating himself which other species fail to exhibit for the simplicity of their brains compared to that of complex human minds.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Play is mostly about interaction whether be that with another being or a group of beings, or objects. Studies show that individuals who had a secure attached relationships with those closest to them, are more likely to thrive in times of crisis than those who lack emotional adoration of love and care. In his seminar, Stuart Brown cited an example on the experiment conducted on two groups o f mice. One group was left alone to play with each other while another one was stopped in their activity to play by the experimenters. The study was concluded when the two pairs of mice were taken into a cat inhabited environment where all mice went into hiding. Later it was found out that the first group of mice, the ones that were allowed to play, went out of their hiding place to explore, while the second group, which activity of play was interfered, stayed in their hiding place and die (Brown, 2008). The research suggested that humans have the same tendency to fail in thriving if they are deprived of play. The importance of play is not only limited to children but also highly advisable to adults in which continuous development is needed in the quality of life in terms of a balance of problem solving skills and intellect coupled by sound emotional upbringing in any environment an individual is concerned or a part of. Creativity is highly regarded in Brown’s theory that pla y creates new and innovative ideas. In a modern world creative and revolutionary thinkers are popping out from all corners of the globe. Tim Brown emphasizes the importance of the relationship of play in the development of a person’s creative mind (Brown, 2008). He conducted a few exercises during his seminar and pointed out that play for adults is a ridicules act. He noted that adults are afraid to share their bold ideas to their peers often finding it silly by laughing as compared to children who are very proud to share their perception of things. When people become adults they begin to be conscious of what others might think of them, losing their sense of freedom (Brown, 2008). In order for individuals to pour their creative juices out, trust is a very important factor to consider. In gaining trust, Brown pointed out that building a friendship is one aspect and that to gain such relationship people are contended in an act of play releasing tension, making individuals feel relax which is also a factor in the unleasing of creativity (Brown, 2008). Stuart Brown through his book supported Tim Brown’s idea by identifying his findings on how JPL’s younger engineers were having problems in finding solutions to their cases as compared to the older ones. Through the investigation conducted by the company, it was found out that the older engineers were more oriented in playing with their hands during their younger years compared to the newly hired ones from top universities (Brown, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Play: A Key Factor on an Individual’s Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Play is one of the most important aspects in the development of creative ideas and innovation on our world today. It is important for people to play for the sake of developing a sense of exploring new things and ideas leading to creative thinking that may materialize in i nnovative outcomes (De Wall, 2009). Academic systems in the past had always been biased in terms of their students. Conservatives gave priority by recognizing those who excel in math and sciences more and failing to recognize those who are in the music and arts. Ken Robinson pointed out that conservative schooling systems kill creativities among their students by failing to recognize them as an asset and dismissing them as an illness needed to be cured (Robinson, 2006). Stuart Brown highlighted the story of the great choreographer Gillian Lynne, who is famous for her works in the musicals Cats and Phantom of the Opera. Lynne, as a child had difficulty in paying attention to her teachers thus the school saw her as mentally ill and was suggested to take drugs to cure her sickness (Brown 2009). It was in this light that her mother together with a specialist discovered that Lynne was a unique child whose calling is in dancing thus the story of one of the most talented individuals who wa lked the earth today was born through that single act of letting the child play in the form of dancing. Dr. Stuart Brown’s book is about understanding the role of play and the way it affected our lives in the past, present and future. The book presents and examines the act of playing in its core in shaping people’s behaviour, outlook, thinking and reaction in life. Play is not only exclusive to children but is very important to adults in order to release the tensions and weights of the world they had been carrying, enabling them to revive what they had found as children. References Brown, S. (2009). Play Play: How It shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination and Invigorates the Soul. New York: Penguin Publishing Inc. De Wall, F. (September 2009). Bodies in Sync: Contagious Laughter, Yawns, and moods offer insight into empathy’s origins. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brown, S. (2008, May) . Play is More than Fun [Video Recording]. Web. Brown, T. (2008, May). Creativity and Play [Video Recording]. Web. Robinson, K. (2006, Feb). School Kill Creativity [Video Recording]. Web. This essay on Play: A Key Factor on an Individual’s Development was written and submitted by user Tenebrous to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Formal Analysis Of Looking At Crab-apple Blossoms At Night

of Frank Lloyd Wright, â€Å"Form follows function - that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.† This is the relationship of form to function found in the Southern Song court painting, Looking at Crab-apple Blossoms at Night. Painted on a silk fan with ink and color, the piece serves a purpose beyond its artistic worth by functioning as a fan. The content of the fan’s imagery is a representation of a poem composed by Su Shi for the emperor Lizong. Looking at Crab-apple Blossoms at Night is, therefore, uniquely able to forge a marriage between not just form and function, but also content. Because the fan was painted mostly in ink, the silk was most likely covered in a glaze to prevent a diluting of the boldness of the ink due to absorption by the silk. Conversely, sizing silk makes the surface slick and more difficult to paint on. Such a surface requires meticulous and deliberate strokes. Therefore, the artist undoubtedly put a great deal of effort into the composition and content while maintaining a clean and intentional brushstroke. The scene portrayed on the fan serves two purposes. It illustrates the patron’s poem by prominently displaying imagery from the poem such as the flowers and silver candles. The formal style used by the artist unites content and form. The pictorial imagery serves the dual purpose of creating a mood of serenity. The serenity of the scene lends to the function of the fan, which is to induce comfort. One typically uses a fan when the climate is hot and harsh. The imagery of Looking at Crab-apple Blossoms at Night depicts a cool, spring night at a peaceful and organic structure in the midst of a tranquil and scenic landscape. Anyone who requires the fan’s function is thereby transported to a cool and serene resting spot. The serene tone of the painting is achieved through the use of several formal techniques. Sharp and angul... Free Essays on Formal Analysis Of Looking At Crab-apple Blossoms At Night Free Essays on Formal Analysis Of Looking At Crab-apple Blossoms At Night In the words of Frank Lloyd Wright, â€Å"Form follows function - that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.† This is the relationship of form to function found in the Southern Song court painting, Looking at Crab-apple Blossoms at Night. Painted on a silk fan with ink and color, the piece serves a purpose beyond its artistic worth by functioning as a fan. The content of the fan’s imagery is a representation of a poem composed by Su Shi for the emperor Lizong. Looking at Crab-apple Blossoms at Night is, therefore, uniquely able to forge a marriage between not just form and function, but also content. Because the fan was painted mostly in ink, the silk was most likely covered in a glaze to prevent a diluting of the boldness of the ink due to absorption by the silk. Conversely, sizing silk makes the surface slick and more difficult to paint on. Such a surface requires meticulous and deliberate strokes. Therefore, the artist undoubtedly put a great deal of effort into the composition and content while maintaining a clean and intentional brushstroke. The scene portrayed on the fan serves two purposes. It illustrates the patron’s poem by prominently displaying imagery from the poem such as the flowers and silver candles. The formal style used by the artist unites content and form. The pictorial imagery serves the dual purpose of creating a mood of serenity. The serenity of the scene lends to the function of the fan, which is to induce comfort. One typically uses a fan when the climate is hot and harsh. The imagery of Looking at Crab-apple Blossoms at Night depicts a cool, spring night at a peaceful and organic structure in the midst of a tranquil and scenic landscape. Anyone who requires the fan’s function is thereby transported to a cool and serene resting spot. The serene tone of the painting is achieved through the use of several formal techniques. Sharp and angul...

Italian Text Messaging - Italian SMS Abbreviazioni

Italian Text Messaging - Italian SMS Abbreviazioni Dm c sent x spr ki dv venr. Does that sentence resemble a message from extraterrestri telefonino Ideographic Italian accento acuto Italian SMS Abbreviations Italian SMS Standard Italian anche ci sentiamo comunque domani dopo dire dove sei destra forse che chi come con cosa mi manchi tantissimo numero non prossimo qualche qualcosa qualcuno quando quindi quanto questo rispondi scusa solo sempre messaggio sono sapere sinistra spero ti telefono tardi tranquillo troppo ti voglio tanto bene volevo perchà © percià ² per ora perà ² persona tanti baci meno male pià ¹ o meno per Did you understand any of this? Maybe its appropriate now to ask: Povera lingua italiana dv 6?

Program Budget Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Program Budget - Coursework Example The mission of the waste recycling unit is to be the leader in reducing the amount of waste that is disposed of in our landfill and other waste disposal facilities and to ensure that the environmental effects of waste disposal, treatment and storage are minimized. The mission of the waste treatment unit is to treat hazardous industrial and chemical waste in a way that is not harmful to the environment and in accordance with regulations. The waste treatment unit also seeks to ensure that employees are properly trained and compensated to carry out their functions efficiently and effectively. The mission of the waste disposal unit is to be a leader in ensuring the safe disposal of solid and liquid industrial and domestic waste in such a way that the all environmental laws and regulations are adhered to. The budget for the three service units is presented in a tabular format below in the Appendix. It shows the amount spent on employing people to carry out the duties mentioned. The budget shows that of the total projected expenditure of $1,922,000 budgeted, 23.52% will be spent on waste recycling service, 29.04% on waste treatment service and 47.44% on waste disposal service. In order to ensure quality service it is important to have measures for assessing performance. In assessing performance measures for each service, it is necessary to consideration the achievement of their goals. Therefore, the measures will be based on measurable goals and objectives. Performance measures for each department are as follows. The measurable goals of the recycling unit are to realize a profit margin of 40% and to increase revenue by 20% per year. These measures will determine if the service unit has achieved its measurable goals. Repeat customers can also be used to determine service quality as well as prompt request for service. The achievement of the units vision of reducing GHG’s from recyclable waste is possible. The measurable goals of the waste

The Ontological Argument for Gods existence Essay

The Ontological Argument for Gods existence - Essay Example Arguments for the existence of God are based on revelations of the Realized Souls. At their level everything is perfect, ever the same, and without any confusion or contradiction. All confusion and arguments arise, when mind-level intellectuals begin to interpret the revelations of the transcendental! Arguments for the existence of God based on general revelation are also called natural theology. Next to general revelations, is the special revelation and this is the area where the problems for the humanity begin due to their wrong understanding/interpretation. Those issues are: who God is, what God has done and will do and how He expects us to live. Such divine instructions are found in The Bible, Qur’an, Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Vedas, etc. Natural theology based on reasoning is incapable of demonstrating God’s existence. Relying on one’s own thought and reasoning skills to reach God is full of pitfalls. Human beings are likely to confuse the limitations of their thoughts as the limitation of God. Arguments for the existence of God based on the appearance of design in the world again form part of the domain of reasoning and inductive logic. Design arguments are also known as teleological arguments. The perfect order in the universe is offered as the perfect reason for the existence of God. The perfect order seen in the universe cannot be a matter of c hance. If the watch needs the watch maker, the universe needs the universe-maker, so say the Creationists. The universe must be the product of intelligent design, they believe. Objections to the design arguments say that it is not necessary to depend upon a God-hypothesis to explain the orderly positioning of the things in the world. Science is capable of explaining everything, according to such votaries. They argue that life is created from the â€Å"Big-bang†, and one sees the natural evolutionary process in the things around. But these people

Effectiveness of Electronic Group Brainstorming Essay Example for Free

Effectiveness of Electronic Group Brainstorming Essay The first article reviewed was entitled â€Å"Improving Extreme-Scale Problem Solving: Assessing Electronic Brainstorming Effectiveness in an Industrial Setting† by Courtney C. Dornburg, Susan M. Stevens, Stacey M. L. Hendrickson, and George S. Davidson, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The paper was authored in June of 2009. The objective of this paper was to conduct an experiment and report the results of the efforts to compare the effectiveness of group electronic brainstorming versus individual electronic brainstorming to address difficult, real-world challenges (Dornburg et al. , 2009). Many such studies have been conducted over the years to determine if group brainstorming is more effective than individual brainstorming and the conclusion is that individual brainstorming creates more and better quality ideas. However, there are not many studies examining larger work groups, 30 or more, with diversity among skill and knowledge levels in an industrial setting. This article aims to determine the best way to leverage EBS (electronic brainstorming) methods within the setting of a national laboratory to evaluate performance within four industrially relevant areas. Because of the ever-increasing use of technology in the workplace, it is imperative that managers understand group dynamics to aid in solving industrially relevant issues and how to apply the right technology to the situation. The group of individuals conducting this research declares that electronic brainstorming has been proposed to reduce the negative effects of group brainstorming and help control costs. Electronic brainstorming should allow for shorter meetings, an increase in participation regardless of the participant’s location, a reduction in costs, and provide for better documentation. The experimental goals of this paper were as follows: 1. Measure idea quality as well as quantity 2. Examine larger work groups, up to 30 members 3. Solve a â€Å"real-world issue† 4. Determine how time and scheduling interact with EBS Participants in this study were randomly assigned to a group (one group of 39 and another group of 30) and were given instructions to log into a website and input their ideas at least once a day for 4 successive days. The availability of the website was not restricted to just working hours, thus participants could enter ideas either when working or at home, so whenever an idea came to them, they had the opportunity to log into the website and input their information. The nominal group participants only were able to see their own answers. The group-condition participants could see their own ideas as well as those of their group and could build on other ideas submitted by the rest of the group. The questions the participants were asked to respond to was a problem from the company president which contrasted two models of how organizations relate to their employees. The two questions were as follows: 1. How do employees establish an identity for themselves in relation to their work environment, i.e., how do they define their â€Å"we†, and 2. How to create the appropriate balance between the role of management and the sense of empowerment of employees (Dornburg et al., 2009). The results were generated and responses were evaluated based on originality, feasibility, and effectiveness. The results showed that nominal was superior to group brainstorming in at least some industrial contexts (Dornburg et al., 2009). In the nominal group responses, both average and maximum idea quality were considerably better than the group condition responses. The analysis proved that the nominal participants produced more good ideas than group participants; however there was not a major difference in the total number of ideas produced. This research proved to this group that large electronic groups are not inevitably the best option for solving industry related issues. If idea quality is the goal of the group, this issue can better be solved by collecting electronic individual responses rather than organizing an electronic group. Furthermore, the individual approach has the potential for cost savings. The second article reviewed was entitled â€Å"Social Influence Processes in Computer Brainstorming† by Paul B. Paulus, Timothy S. Larey, Vicky L. Putman, Karen L. Leggett, and Evelyn J. Roland, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington. This article was produced in March of 1996. This research project assumes the same findings of the first paper reviewed, that large group brainstorming is not always the best option for generating new ideas, and takes it one step further to study the social influences in effect during the brainstorming process. The first paper proved that individual group brainstorming was the superior process for electronic brainstorming and this paper is investigating what elements lead to the productivity loss that occurs between individual brainstorming and group brainstorming. The article claims that there are several social interaction factors that can be attributed to the productivity loss such as social interaction anxiety, social loafing, and blocking. Additionally, it is stated that there is no real motivation to be a high performer and individuals will match their performance to the lower performers. The purpose of this research project was to provide further evidence for the social influence model within the context of electronic or computer-based brainstorming (Paulus et al., 1996). For this study, participants were assembled into groups of 4 and were asked to generate ideas using personal computers. There were four different group conditions used. In the first condition, the participants generated ideas individually, with no comparison feedback or verbalization. In the second condition, the participants publicly announced the number of ideas they created in 5 minute increments (comparison). In the third condition, as they typed their ideas, the individuals would voice their ideas (verbalization). And finally, in the fourth condition, participants verbalized their ideas as they typed and announced the number of ides they generated every 5 minutes, therefore combining both the comparison and verbalization conditions (conditions #2 and #3). The primary dependent measures were the number of ideas generated and perceptions of individual performance (Paulus et al., 1996). Additionally, this study examined the independent role of verbalization and social comparison processes in both the generation of ideas and the perception of performance in computer-based brainstorming groups (Paulus et al., 1996). There were 136 participants in this study who were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions and broken into groups of 4. All participants were contributing in a large room at the same time, except in the no verbalization-comparison condition, where those individuals participated alone in another room. The participants were asked to generate ideas on the pros and cons of having an extra thumb on each hand. At the end of the session, the participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire which asked them questions about their perception of their performance during the brainstorming session. This individual performance information was evaluated by the research team as well. The results of this study proved that by using the social comparison information, it increased the performance of the students generating ideas on the computer, meaning that giving the performance statistics of others can help increase the performance of the group. However in contrast, in the condition where the participants verbalized their ideas, this reduced the level of performance over the groups who did not voice their ideas. This is consistent with the idea that production blocking is a core reason for production loss of brainstorming groups, because the blocking occurs when the individuals in the group share ideas. Consequently, sometimes the performance comparison information can be helpful, but the verbalization of ideas most likely increases social anxiety and production blocking which will reduce the benefit of the comparison information. The more favorable individual performance perceptions were in the social comparison and verbalization condition groups. In summary, the findings of this study show that the perception of the participants in an interactive group is that they are more productive if they announce their ideas as they are generated during the group brainstorming process. In other words, typing ideas as they are being voiced during the group brainstorming process may be beneficial if oral interaction is preferred. Additionally, voicing ideas can help stimulate the individual thinking process and can create more confident feelings about individual performance. However, the actual performance of the group may be hindered when participants verbalize their ideas due to blocking and anxiety. Social comparison may increase the overall number of  ideas produced, but verbalization of ideas may hinder the number of ideas produced. One of the reasons why I chose this topic was that within my team at BJC, collaboration is highly recommended and expected. Brainstorming sessions are a regular occurrence and used frequently to generate new ideas in facilitation techniques, training material development, presentation techniques, and special project deliverables. So I determined that additional research on brainstorming would be interesting and beneficial to me to apply ideas to my working environment. The first paper I reviewed discussed the use of two different types of electronic brainstorming and which version was best for the brainstorming process. I have read many articles lately on brainstorming where they have indicated that due to personality differences, and being more introverted versus extroverted, idea generation is not a one-size-fits-all process. Using an individual electronic process can help those that are more introverted to give them time to think about ideas and write down ideas as they come to them, instead of putting them on the spot and asking them to generate ideas immediately and in a large group setting. I have personally not used the electronic method with regularity in a business setting. More often than not, we usually schedule a meeting and gain participation by having everyone together in one room and throw ideas around. I do feel that I can build off of others’ ideas easily in this type of setting, but I am more extroverted, so I tend to verbalize my thoughts easily and am energized by hearing others’ thoughts. I was surprised at the outcome of the first study where the nominal group generated more quality ideas that the group-condition participants, which supports the concepts from our Organizational Behavior textbook, in chapter 9. I personally am stimulated by other’s ideas and it helps me think more creatively if I can see or hear what others are thinking about the brainstorming topic, because as noted in the second paper, voicing ideas can be stimulating. I can see where individuals who are more introverted may be intimidated by the verbalization and comparison techniques as used in the second study. I also like the idea of having a standard website or shared electronic document to capture ideas when brainstorming is needed, as used in the first study. In my work environment, the most beneficial format would most likely be the group-condition because we tend to build off of each other’s ideas. We are a very interactive group, so the oral interaction, or visual interaction, would work well in our environment. I have experienced productivity blocking in brainstorming sessions previously where your brain has a tendency to to get stuck on one thought or idea and you have a hard time getting past that particular idea. However, again, probably because I am more extroverted, and am energized by conversation, I feel that I am eventually able to work through the brainstorming process and not get stuck in the blocking circle. Sometimes to get past the blocking, it just helps to build off of someone else’s idea, instead of coming up with your own original idea. The second pape r discussed that another reason for productivity loss was because there is no real motivation to be a high performer and individuals will match their performance to the lower performers. That’s not accurate in my case because I am also a very competitive individual. Even though there is no tangible reward for submitting as many ideas as possible, due to my competitive nature I would still try to submit as many ideas as possible so that I can be proud of my accomplishment. I would also perceive that my performance was better in the case that I was providing as many or more ideas as my colleagues, rather than submitting fewer ideas. In summary, I found both articles to be extremely beneficial on the topic of electronic brainstorming. I learned about new ways to brainstorm electronically and that there are many benefits, however with the social aspect, an organization needs to take into consideration the potential areas for productivity loss. Each organization should determine the best way to use electronic brainstorming for their environment based on their culture. Even though as the textbook states in chapter 9 that electronic meetings tend to lead to decreased group effectiveness and an increase in the amount of time it takes to complete tasks, technology continues to increase in popularity and it will be interesting to see how BJC decides to harness this technology to continue to generate quality ideas for the future of healthcare. REFERENCES Dornburg C, Stevens S, Hendrickson S, Davidson G. Improving Extreme-Scale Problem Solving: Assessing Electronic Brainstorming Effectiveness in an Industrial Setting. Human Factors [serial online]. August 2009;51(4):519-527. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 10, 2013. Paulus P, Larey T, Putman V, Leggett K, Roland E. Social Influence Processing in Computer Brainstorming. Basic Applied Social Psychology [serial online]. March 1996;18(1):3-14. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 10, 2013.

Lighting Advancements Essay -- essays research papers fc

Have you wondered why streetlights are yellow, or why the year 2000 cars have brighter headlights and they are a different color? Have you ever wondered how the indiglo light on your watch works, or why it glows green and not white? And did you know that same indiglo light can be used while frozen, dipped in water, bent in half, stepped on, or in hazardous environments. Lighting has changed over the last few years; there are advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of lighting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lighting has been around since time itself existed; the first kind of lighting was fire. Fire was used to warm the inhabitants, and to provide light; many primitive cultures would use burning torches to provide light for their excursions and pathways. Fire was the only true form of light they had other than the moon. Fire had many disadvantages, one was that fire depended on fuel and needed proper conditions to operate (no rain, minimal wind). Another disadvantage is that fire, if not handled properly, could result in a brush fire or even burn down their shelter. An advantage was it was efficient when conditions were correct. It provided an inexpensive form of lighting, and could be used for cooking and heating. Due to the persistent problem of limited fuel, inhabitants looked for a way to prolong the fuel. (Thwig 29-34)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step in lighting that followed was a candle. Candles offered one main advantage over the fire by itself, fuel. A candle was able to provide a long burning light and was relatively inexpensive to produce. Candles were originally made from whale fat. The flame would burn and would slowly use the wick as a fuel and would burn much slower because the wax slowed the burning down. (Thwig 35-49)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next form of lighting that followed the candle was the oil lamp. The oil for the lamps was also made from whales. The oil was the primary fuel for the fire, it burned even longer than a candle, and was cleaner. The wick was submerged in oil with one side sticking out. The oil would travel up the wick to the exposed portion. When lit the wick would be saturated with oil and the fire would burn the oil on the wick. This form of lighting was a large improvement, many cites adapted to this technology. Cities would create streetlights from the lamps and they would be lit on a n... ...is not fully utilized yet. In the coming years we will see displays of light we cannot even imagine, displays we cant even think about in our wildest dreams. But one thing is for sure lighting has, and always will be a necessity of our culture. Works Cited “ The Design Guide.'; New Hampshire. Loctite Luminescent Systems Inc.1990, Revision 0490. “Edison, Thomas Alva.'; Frank & Wagnall’s New Encyclopedia. 1989 ed. “Electro-Luminescents.'; Memtonik Innovations. Online. Pacific Bell, 7 January 2000. N. pag. Hayward, Arthur H. Colonial and Early American Lighting. Canada; General Publishing Company, 1962. “Hubble Lighting'; Hubble. Online. Pacific Bell, 23 January 2000. N. pag. Available http://www.hubble-ltg.com. “Lighting F.A.Q.'; Rudd Lighting. Online. Pacific Bell, 22 January 2000. N. pag. Available http://www.ruddlighting.com/. Neitzke, Ron. Personal Interview. 16 Feburary 2000. Sabin, Louis. Thomas Alva Edison. New Jersey Troll Associates, 1983. Thwig, Leroy. Flickering Flames. Tokyo; Charles E. Truffle Company, 1962. “Why Electro-luminescent lamps.'; Industrial Tehcnology. Online. Pacbell, 7 January 2000.

“Budget Cuts” The leading problem facing our educational System Adriana Cruz

Budget cut has been the leading problem facing our educational system today. I think that students should be given top priority to learn, excel and benefit from school and not depriving them of their right to learn. Budget cuts in education will mean lesser funding for students in classrooms, the classroom will have a bigger student population and the school maintenance will have lesser spending. Budget cut in education in California will not benefit the students of California, and this will include my three school age children, who will suffer the consequences of such cuts. Each student is allocated a certain amount of money for one school year which includes reference materials like books and library materials. I started noticing how my kids had to share supplies such as books and little things as color pencils. Teachers were sharing supplies between them as well such as projectors, computers and television. I think that’s when I started to understand the big impact that the budget was having on schools. With a lesser budget, there will be limited resources for each student. We decided to move to South County, where according to the media, schools were given more funds than in the Northern part. We had to raise our expenses such as rent and food in order to give our children a better education. Unfortunately things are starting to look the same. I am mystified there is not more outrage about this issue. No money for counselors, paper or textbooks? No lunchtime aides, which means inadequate supervision? How can this even be legal? I hear all the people say the system is broken, and we need to fix it, but not on the backs of our children. Research shows that class size makes a huge difference in the quality of education for students for several reasons. Forcing educators to teach large classes increases the possibility of disruptions and decreases the ability of an educator to help struggling students. The current trend of using cooperative learning groups becomes hard to manage in large classes. I have a dyslexic child who really needs to be part of learning groups and a lot of support to succeed in school. . Unfortunately, these programs, which help keep educators abreast of new teaching methods and techniques, suffer from limited funds. As a result, students suffer too. It makes me really sad knowing that funding issues prevent districts from hiring more educators and many are providing less professional development opportunities. I have also noticed that school infrastructure showed to suffer the most in areas like restrooms, graffiti-covered walls, internal heating and cooling, classrooms and desks. I have to personally pay for sports uniforms more than other school items. With all these budget cuts I am sure that cleanliness, repairs of roofs and chairs, paints and classroom supplies will be most likely affected. They don’t seem to realize that a clean and safe surrounding will be very much conducive to learning because a student who is in this kind of environment will be able to concentrate more. There is a noticeable discrepancy between what us as parents and students think schools should cut versus what school officials have on their to-ax lists. The top three items we think schools should cut are school newspaper or broadcast outlets, summer school and field trips, in that order. The last items on students' â€Å"should-cut† lists, starting from the bottom, are teachers, administrators, guidance counselors and sports. All items that schools have shown to most commonly choose to cut first. As a mother of three, the education of my children is one of my highest priorities. Like every parent, I want the best for my kids. I want them in good classrooms with good teachers where they will flourish, and by the time they graduate high school, will be prepared for the challenges the future will bring them. I feel that student’s ability to reach their academic potential should not be determined by the school they attend, all schools should provide the same quality of education, regardless of the neighborhood or financial status of the parents. I think that education is the basis for future growth, protection, and development of any nation. I do not understand why school districts should take hits of cuts when we have legislators giving themselves raises. Every student, no matter their background, deserves a fully prepared and qualified teacher, a quality education with proper resources, and the right infrastructure.

Department of Veteran’s Affairs’ Health Care Delivery System

In the past few decades, the role of the Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) as a health care delivery system has raised awareness among health care administrators, veterans, and policy makers alike. The core mission of the VA delivery system is to provide primary care, specialized care, and related medical and social support services to veterans (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). Some of the most common medical benefits awarded under the VA are to veterans who have become disabled by illness or injury in the line of duty during military service. As a result, the VA health care delivery system serves as a safety net because many of the veterans served are psychologically and economically disadvantaged and have a high disease burden (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In addition, veterans who use the VA health care system have a higher level of illness than the average population, and 60 percent have no private or Medigap insurance. The VA health care delivery system provides many services for veterans, and also contributes greatly in managing health care resources. Research indicates that the availability of federal, state and local government funds to subsidize the care of persons left without services varies by state and community and may not match community need (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In this way, the VA health care delivery system contributes in managing health care resources because it takes on the strains of existing alternatives. Within this patchwork, the VA health delivery system stands out as a significant, coordinated, nationwide safety net for veterans (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). The VA also cares for small vulnerable populations for whom care is expensive but generally unprofitable in the private sector (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In addition to veterans with service connected injuries, illness and exposures and former prisoners of war, the VA is legislated to treat veterans with special disabilities of spinal cord dysfunction, blindness, amputation, traumatic brain injury, substance abuse and homelessness resulting from mental illness (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). The VA headquarters manages its networks by setting goals and defining strategies to maximize health care value throughout the nation. Value is defined as balanced performance of five factors: cost, access, technical quality, patient functional ability, and patient satisfaction (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). The VA headquarters also focuses on developing a standardized management and monitoring system that supports risk adjusted comparative analysis among networks (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). These efforts are designed to assure that high quality care is consistently delivered. The VA health care delivery system also plays an important role in transitioning patients from one level to another level of care in the health care continuum. This transitional role can be illustrated through the VA's treatment of serious health problems such as Parkinson's Disease, which currently affects about 1. 5 million Americans who are diagnosed with the disease (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, with physical symptoms of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia (Mitchell et. al. , 1996). It can usually be diagnosed based on the medical history and physical findings. To better address the needs of veterans with Parkinson's disease, in February 2001 the VA announced the creation of six centers specializing in Parkinson's disease (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). The VA Parkinson's centers also develop training programs for patients, families, students and health care professionals. Additionally, each site conducts a clinical demonstration program for evaluating new models of care delivery for veterans with Parkinson's disease and movement disorders (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). Furthermore, the VA hospitals are devoted to new research on Parkinson's disease in the development of surgical treatment for late-stage patients for whom medical therapy is no longer effective and development of new medications, which are more effective and have fewer side effects (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). In this way the VA health care delivery system assisting in the transition of patients from one level to another level of care. Finally, the available research indicates that the VA health delivery system contributes well overall in providing services and managing health care resources. This health care system appears to spread itself over the areas where other health care services are lacking, thus enhancing the quality of care and services provided. As long as market forces dominate the health care industry and state and local funding vary, the stabilizing influence of a national safety net such as the VA health care delivery system becomes more crucial. As improvements in health care become more necessary and evident, the VA system will continue to improve the standards of health care for all veterans. Future analysis of the VA health care delivery system in comparison to other health care delivery systems will assist in evaluating the quality of care offered by the VA.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Gold

Chemical and Physical Properties of Gold Gold is an element that was known to ancient man and has always been prized for its color. It was used as jewelry in prehistoric times, alchemists spent their lives trying to transmute other metals into gold, and it is still one of the most prized metals.   Gold  Basics Atomic Number: 79Symbol: AuAtomic Weight: 196.9665Discovery: known since prehistoric timeElectron Configuration: [Xe]6s14f145d10Word Origin: Sanskrit Jval; Anglo-Saxon gold; meaning gold - also Latin aurum, shining dawnIsotopes: There are 36 known isotopes of gold ranging from Au-170 to Au-205. There is only one stable isotope of gold: Au-197. Gold-198, with a half-life of 2.7 days, has been used to treat cancer and other illnesses. Gold  Physical Data Density (g/cc): 19.3Melting Point ( °K): 1337.58Boiling Point ( °K): 3080Appearance: soft, malleable, yellow metalAtomic Radius (pm): 146Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 10.2Covalent Radius (pm): 134Ionic Radius: 85 (3e) 137 (1e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.129Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 12.68Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): ~340Debye Temperature ( °K): 170.00Pauling Negativity Number: 2.54First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 889.3Oxidation States: 3, 1. The oxidation states -1, 2 and 5 exist but are rare.Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)Lattice Constant (Ã…): 4.080Specific Gravity (20 °C): 18.88CAS Registry Number: 7440-57-5 Properties In mass, gold is a yellow-colored metal, although it may be black, ruby, or purple when finely divided. Gold is a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is not affected by exposure to air or to most reagents. It is inert and a good reflector of infrared radiation. Gold is usually alloyed to increase its strength. Pure gold is measured in troy weight, but when gold is alloyed with other metals the term karat is used to express the amount of gold present. Common Uses for Gold Gold is used in coinage and is the standard for many monetary systems. It  is used for jewelry, dental work, plating, and reflectors. Chlorauric acid (HAuCl4) is used in photography for toning silver images. Disodium aurothiomalate, administered intramuscularly, is a treatment for arthritis. Where Gold Is Found   Gold is found as the free metal and in tellurides. It is widely distributed and almost always associated with pyrite or quartz. Gold is found in veins and in alluvial deposits. Gold occurs in sea water in the amount of 0.1 to 2 mg/ton, depending on the location of the sample. Gold Trivia Gold is one of the few elements that can be found in its native state.Gold is the most malleable and ductile metal. One ounce of gold can be beaten out to 300 ft2 or stretched into a wire 2000 kilometers long (1 ÃŽ ¼m thick).The melting point of gold is an assigned value, which serves as a calibration point for the International Temperature Scale and International Practical Temperature Scale.The gold ion in the 1 oxidation state (Au(I)) is called the aurous ion.The gold ion in the 3 oxidation state (Au(III)3) is called the auric ion.Compounds containing gold in the -1 oxidation state are called aurides. (Cesium and rubidium can form auride compounds)Gold is one of the noble metals. Noble metal is an alchemical term for metals that do not corrode under normal conditions.Gold is the seventh most dense metal.Metallic gold has no odor or taste.Gold has been used as jewelry since prehistoric times. Today, gold in jewelry is not pure gold. Jewelry gold is made of many different gold alloys . Gold is resistant to most acids. The acid aqua regia is used to dissolve gold.Elemental gold metal is considered non-toxic and occasionally used as a food additive.Transmuting lead into gold was one of the major gold of the alchemists. Modern nuclear chemists have found methods to accomplish this historic task.​ References   Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952) International Atomic Energy Agency ENSDF database (Oct 2010)

Proofreading for Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement

Proofreading for Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement These two proofreading exercises will give you practice in applying the rules of subject-verb agreement. After completing the exercises, compare your responses. Proofreading Exercise #1: A Fluke of Luck The following paragraph contains five errors in subject-verb agreement. Identify and correct the faulty verb forms. The sheep-liver fluke is a parasitic flatworm with a very complex life cycle. The fluke start life by hatching inside a snail. The fluke is then ejected from the snail in a ball of slime. These balls of slime is eaten by ants. The fluke digs its way through the ants body until it reach the ants brain. There, the fluke takes control of the ant by manipulating its nerves, thus turning the ant into its personal robot. Under the command of the fluke, the ant climb to the top of a blade of grass. If the fluke is in luck, the ant is eaten by a passing sheep. From the sheeps stomach, the fluke work its way hometo the liver. The Answers The sheep-liver fluke is a parasitic flatworm with a very complex life cycle. The fluke  starts  life by hatching inside a snail. The fluke is then ejected from the snail in a ball of slime. These balls of slime  are  eaten by ants. The fluke digs its way through the ants body until it  reaches  the ants brain. There, the fluke takes control of the ant by manipulating its nerves, thus turning the ant into its personal robot. Under the command of the fluke, the ant  climbs  to the top of a blade of grass. If the fluke is in luck, the ant is eaten by a passing sheep. From the sheeps stomach, the fluke  works  its way hometo the liver. Proofreading Exercise #2: Life Forms The following paragraph contains seven errors in subject-verb agreement. Identify and correct the faulty verb forms. Anomie Plaza, like all shopping plazas, were designed for automobiles rather than human beings. All natural life has been extinguished; even the weeds along the curb appears artificial. But somehow, amidst all the plastic, steel, and concrete, a solitary shrub manage to survive. The shrub, not in vigorous bloom but certainly alive, stand a few yards away from the entrance to Huxleys department store. It grows straight up through the concrete. Now and then a shopper pause to examine this odd life form, not for sale in any of the 67 stores. Occasionally, someone will glance around furtively and then break off a twig, slip it into a shopping bag, and hurry back to the parking lot. Why people do this are a mystery to me. Are such people intent on preserving life or destroying it? Whatever the case may be, the shrub so far ​have managed to survive all assaults. The Answers Anomie Plaza, like all shopping plazas,  was  designed for automobiles rather than human beings. All natural life has been extinguished; even the weeds along the curb  appear  artificial. But somehow, amidst all the plastic, steel, and concrete, a solitary shrub  manages  to survive. The shrub, not in vigorous bloom but certainly alive,  stands  a few yards away from the entrance to Huxleys department store. It grows straight up through the concrete. Now and then a shopper  pauses  to examine this odd life form, not for sale in any of the 67 stores. Occasionally, someone will glance around furtively and then break off a twig, slip it into a shopping bag, and hurry back to the parking lot. Why people do this  is  a mystery to me. Are such people intent on preserving life or destroying it? Whatever the case may be, the shrub so far  has  managed to survive all assaults.

Adapting to ChangesSituational Leadership Assignment

Adapting to ChangesSituational Leadership - Assignment Example The situational model comes with a number of strengths and limitations as described below. The situational leadership engages supple approach to meeting the distinct demands of every situation and individual. This model offers a prescription of understanding the capabilities and the nature of subordinates to enable the provision of exact requirements for better performance of a task. For instance, pushing an individual forward on to a task may work if the concerned party is low on confidence other than the employee who lacks the necessary skills (Carew, Carew & Blanchard, 2008). Putting in mind that employees often present their strengths and weaknesses at work, situational leadership approach enables a leader to personalize his approach towards the employees. This model mainly dwells on the need for leaders to constantly understand the needs of their subordinates. To assess and develop a better understanding of an employee’s abilities and lead him/ her towards performing tasks effectively, it is paramount that communication is used. Thus, the situational leadership model enhances the levels of communication between the leader and the subjects hence increasing the levels of efficiency and productivity in the organization (Fernandez, Cho & Perry, 2010). Most leaders under the situational leadership model are often under constant pressure to analyze their situations prior to making decisions on any action. Other leadership styles emphasizing on leaders following their strengths and innate traits often present more instinctive reactions to problems. Other prominent situational leadership models propose that leaders ought to constantly establish the manner in which their actions offer immediate and long-term motivation to the employees. The major challenge to this question is that each response varies depending on the follower and the situation. Despite the effectiveness of the situational theories, they are always criticized for their rigidity. The

Writing a policy about Human Resources Security Assignment

Writing a policy about Human Resources Security - Assignment Example Cloud computing is today becoming business modernization’s fresh standards (Alali & Chia-Lun, 2012). The goal of the policy on external computing services is to secure human resources information. The policy also seeks to provide many enticing opportunities in the technology industry with several technology solutions being offered at very low costs. The policy on external cloud computing services will also make the foundation of pivotal improvements in the human resource information technology effectiveness. Given external cloud computing services are significant for human resource security (CHOI, 2013). The policy on external services is significant to the organization in terms of securing human resources information. It will assist in backing up confidential information from hackers and other unauthorized users. Retrieving information will also be easy as a result of implementing this policy. The objective of this policy is gain from external cloud computing services in terms of flexibility, efficiency, flexibility, and reduction in cost currently (Cross, 2012). As models of businesses change to be at par with the advancement in technology as well as the associated market shifts, organizations strive to build their strategies of cloud computing out of flexible components requiring interoperability among vendors (Cross, 2012). Another objective of the policy on external cloud computing services is to open opportunities by making technology and applications more accessible and minimizes the risk of having a significant data breach. Cloud computing is vital in safeguarding information. Many institutions have contributed to the marketing and development of platforms based on external cloud computing services policy. Some of the organizations already using external cloud computing services include Verizon, Oracle, Apple, VMWare, IBM, Google, Sony, Amazon, NetSuite, and Microsoft. Many other organizations are establishing all forms of

National Transportation Safety Board Case Study

National Transportation Safety Board - Case Study Example The investigation into the accident by the NTSB revealed that the probable cause of the accident was the asymmetrical stall and the aircraft’s ensuing roll due to the uncommanded retraction of the lift wing outboard that led to the edge slats and the loss of the slat disagreement and stall warning indication systems (Aviation Safety Network, 2012). This occurrence resulted from maintenance-induced damage that led to the separation of the pylon assembly procedures and the number one engine, which eventually led to the pylon structure’s failure (Vatz, 2003). This accident was mainly a result of structural and mechanical factors. Investigations by the NTSB revealed that when the engine separated because of the asymmetrical stall and the aircraft’s ensuing roll, it disabled the control panel of the Captain. The Captain’s control panel contained both systems of slat disagreement (National Transportation Safety Board, 1979). The separation of the pylon assembly procedures and the number one engine, which ultimately resulted in the failure of the pylon structure, are all structural and mechanical aspects of aircraft. The severed hydraulic lines allowed the slats on the aircraft’s left wing to retract gradually and the stall speed on the aircraft’s left wing rose significantly (Vatz, 2003). When it slowed through 164 knots, left-wing aerodynamically stalled because of its clean configuration. This happened while the right wing continued to generate lift with its slats still in the position of takeoff. Since one wing was stalling and the other was producing lift, the aircraft ultimately rolled past a 90 degrees bank and crashed to the ground (Kilroy, 2012). While structural and mechanical factors were the main cause of the accident, investigations revealed that there were factors that contributed to the accident of American Airlines Flight 191 (Aviation Safety Network, 2012). Report by NTSB reveals that the vulnerability of the pylon attaches points design to maintenance damage contributed to the accident.  Ã‚  

Emotional Response To Music And Happiness Psychology Essay

Emotional Response To Music And Happiness Psychology Essay The objective of this research is to examine the correlation between emotional response to music and happiness among the undergraduates of UTAR: Perak Campus. Besides that, the gender differences in emotional response to music and gender differences in happiness will be examined as well. The findings show that there are more than half of the participants scored more than 4 out of the maximum score of 7. It means that they mostly have an average level of happiness. There are only few participants fall in low happiness level which scored less than 3 and about more than quarter of participants fall in high happiness level which scored 5 or above. Emotional Response to Music and Happiness This research found that there is a significant correlation in emotional response to music and happiness among the universitys undergraduates. The level of emotional response to music among both male and female undergraduates is correlated to their respective happiness level. This is supported by Lamont (2011) where the study results show that young adults are likely to have strong positive experience from music listening, especially if it had had a prominent strong impact in their lives. This result show the correlation between emotional response to music and the pursuit for happiness as music may provide a possible connection to various aspects to find happiness or to reach a peaceful state of mind free from any side effects. (Lamont, 2011) Another research that can support the result of this finding states that music listening was claimed to be mostly relaxation, mood improvements, and as well as decreasing negative emotional well-being such as being under stress and anxiety. (Kal linen Ravaja, 2008) Other than that Saaikallio, Nieminen Brattico (2011) support the results of the researchs as it was found that it is not necessarily only happy music that can evoke feelings of happiness in the listener. It was also found that sad music can induce positive feelings such as happiness as well, which may be due the individuals need to preserve happiness despite the sad (musical) stimulus, or also because the need to not be overly emotionally affected or touched by the particular piece of music. (Saaikallio, Nieminen Brattico, 2011) With this notion, it can further support the correlation between emotional response to music and happiness, as the type of music does not become a barrier in the obtained positive feelings of happiness through listening to music. In a similar study Van Goethem Sloboda (2011) found that music plays an important role in the creation of happiness as well as relaxation. Other findings include: (1) music is effective in helping strategies of regulating emotions such as distraction. (2) music is quite a successful device for affective regulation alongside with other types of mechanisms of coping. (Van Goethem Sloboda, 2011) The research also indicates that happiness is the highest percentage affect being regulated with music which supports this researchs result on emotional response to music and happiness relationship. Listening to music can regulate ones emotions and with happiness being the easiest emotion to regulate through music listening, the stronger ones emotional response to music the happier they are. Despite the disagreement that happiness is induced from the music Konecni, Brown Wanic (2008) found that the overall measure of the participants after listening to music was leaning more towards the positive emotion of feeling happiness which is felt through the recollection of their life-events that seems to be rather attached to the emotions felt through music. The findings also suggested the big difference between originally experienced real life events emotions and the induction of happy-sad emotion by music proceeding to state that emotions induced in music solely triggers the listeners imagination (recollection) of that emotion once felt. (Konecni, Brown Wanic, 2008) Hence, the emotional response to music can be applied by listening to happy music to induce positive emotions such as happiness. Happiness and Gender This research showed that there are is a significant difference in happiness level in male and female. According to a research conducted by Yang (2008) showed that there are gender differences in happiness level where women tend to be happier than men before old age but their happiness level seems to declines when in old age; while men are tend to be happier in old age. This is supported by Easterlin (2010) that is showing the same result displaying evidences between genders and generations, men and women are equally happy and unhappy when look on the whole; but when looked closer at different life stages, women turns out to be happier than men in early life but less happy and the end. (Easterlin, 2010) Inglehart (2002) found that women who are below 45 of age tend to be happier than man. While the longitudinal research done by Stevenson Wolfers (2009) shown that there is a declination of happiness level in female across the years. According to Zaidi (2010), women have bigger orbital frontal cortices compared to men because there is highly significant difference in the ratio of orbital grey to amygdala volume. The ratio between the orbitofrontal cortex (part that in charge in regulating emotions), and the size of the amygdala, are mixed up in order to produce emotional reactions. The ratio appears larger in women than men. On average, women might be more proficient of handling their emotional responses. (Zaidi, 2010) Biological differences and gender roles are the most probably to lead distinction between male and female and presenting the differences of happiness among genders. In another research conducted by Crossley Langdridge (2005) showed gender differences among the perceived happiness: Men scored better in sexual activity, being liked, sports and owning a good social life; whereas women scored better in having a close family, loved by loved one, assisting others, good social life and being liked than men in assisting them to achieve happiness. (Crossley Langdridge, 2005) Hence the difference of happiness level between genders. Emotional Response to Music and Gender This research showed that there are is a significant difference in emotional response to music level between male and female. According Chentsova-Dutton Tsai (2007) women were more emotionally reactive than men as they exhibited larger changes in overall reactivity, where they report the more extreme emotions while reliving rage and feelings of affection for recollection of past events. The study suggests that at some level, gender differences on emotional response may persist even across ethnic groups. (Chentsova-Dutton Tsai, 2007) Hence the gender differences in emotional response to music. According to Nater, Abbruzzese, Krebs Ehlert (2006) research on participants reactions to different musical stimuli (relaxing classical music, and unpleasant metallica), women have the tendency to exhibit hypersensitivity to repulsive musical stimuli hence displaying the gender differences in emotional response to music. In a similar research, Istà ³k, Brattico, Jacobsen, Krohn, Mà ¼ller Tervaniemi (2009) found gender differences for some emotional when describing music terms such as touching, feelings evoked, ugly, and drab, additionally male participants have higher tendency to express with negative adjective compared to female participants. Multiple researches suggests otherwise, Rickard (2004) found that gender difference may not contribute to difference of emotional response to music in terms of physical arousal as the music with emotional power treatment induced significantly greater increase in skin conductance and number chills equally in both gender. Lundqvist, Carlsson, Hilmersson Justin (2009) show similar results with no gender differences in emotional response to music in terms of both physical and mental response, as both male and female have equal response level to music stimuli. Limitations and suggestion This research had faced difficulties in finding journals of gender differences on level of happiness, gender differences in emotional response to music no matter of Malaysia context or others because there are limited sources and research on this topic. The researcher had faced difficulties especially in locating journals or articles to compare on happiness level and emotional response to music. Therefore, this research is to make contribution to the studies gender differences on happiness level, and emotional response to music and happiness. In this research, it only involved a hundred participants (fifty male students of UTAR: Perak Campus, and fifty female students of UTAR: Perak Campus) which is not enough to generalize on the population. Further research need to increase the sample size and different backgrounds of participants so that the result obtained could be generalized to the whole population. Furthermore, the participants of this study are mostly Chinese. Due to the same ethnics and belief systems they have, may contribute to this result which is no gender differences in happiness level. Thus, further study has to be done by involving more ethnicities and culture values in order to find out a more thorough study. Moreover this research only focuses on the effects of gender differences on emotional response to music, and level of happiness which is not enough to study on the outcome of the research. Other demographic aspects should be included in future study on this research, such as age, ethnicity, race, field of study and so forth. A suggestion for more accurate reliability of this research is to conduct a cross-cultural study to determine the effects of cultural differences on the outcome of the research. Conclusion This study is proposed to find out the correlation between emotional response to music and level of happiness, the gender differences in emotional response to music, and gender differences in happiness. The results show that there is significant correlation in emotional response to music and happiness which means the level of emotional response to music and level of happiness interrelates with each other. There is also a significant gender difference in emotional response to music, where this study found that female have higher level of emotional response to music compared to male. Lastly, gender differences in happiness have a significant outcome as well, where female was found to have a higher level of happiness than compared to male. This research has made contribution to emotional response to music and happiness researches in Malaysia context. In order to improve the outcome of this study, more research as a bigger sample range should be conducted to increase the validity and generalization.

Hamlet :: essays research papers

In Hamlet, Shakespeare follows regular convention for a large part of the play. In the beginning, Shakespeare sets up the scene, having a ghost on a dark night. Everyone is working and something strange is happening in Denmark. It is as if Shakespeare is saying that some kind of foul play has been committed. This sets up for the major theme in the play which is of course revenge. The ghost appears to talk to Hamlet. It is quite obvious that the play had a gruesome, violent death and the sexual aspect of the play was clearly introduced when Claudius married Hamlet’s mother Gertrude. The ghost tells Hamlet that he has been given the role of the person who will take revenge upon Claudius. Hamlet must now think of how to take revenge on Claudius, although he doesn’t know what to do about it. He ponders his thoughts for a long period of time, expecting to do the deed immediately, but instead he drags it on until the end of the play. Although what was important to note was that all tragic heroes of plays at that time delayed their actual revenge until the end of the play. In most revenge plays, the revenger was often anonymous and well disguised, stalking the enemy about to be killed, but Hamlet started a battle of wits with Claudius by acting mad and calling it his â€Å"antic disposition†, although the whole thing was a ploy to get closer to Claudius to be able to avenge his father’s death more easily. The tactic was a disadvantage in that it drew all attention upon himself. More importantly though it was an advantage that his â€Å"antic disposition†, isolated him from the rest of the court because of the people not paying attention to what he thought or did because of his craziness. One important part of all revenge plays is that after the revenge is finally decided upon, the tragic hero delays the actual revenge until the end of the play. Hamlet’s delay of killing Claudius takes on three distinct stages. Firstly he had to prove that the ghost was actually telling the truth, and he did this by staging the play â€Å"The Mousetrap† at court. When Claudius stormed out in rage, Hamlet knew that he was guilty. The second stage was when Hamlet could have killed Claudius while he was confessing to god. If Hamlet had done it here then Claudius would have gone to heaven because he confessed while Hamlet’s father was in purgatory because he did not get the opportunity to confess. So Hamlet therefore decided not to murder Claudius at this

Principles of the Constitution

Principles of the Constitution & the Branches of the Federal Government Grand Canyon University: POS 301 10. 30. 12 co.uk/is-the-constitution-a-living-document/">Principles of the Constitution: A Chart The Effectiveness of Checks and Balances The founding fathers could see issues with giving too much power to any one part of the government. They had witnessed what ha happened in Pennsylvania when their legislature, uncheched by a judiciary or executive, ignored essential liberties which lead to the deprivation of rights to Quakers based on their religious beliefs. The fathers knew we had out not to make this mistake again. Patterson, 2011) Thus, a system where each branch shared in a bit of the others' power was created to ensure there would exist no monopoly on political power. To analyze the effectiveness of this system, the motivations behind the system must be revisited. Checks and balances were a means for political moderation. This ensures that all change is well considered by all, and executed in a just manner. Considering issues in the nation's history such as womens' suffrage and other civil rights, the rate at which our nation has shifted policy has sometimes dragged its feet.Policy was well thought out, however at a slow rate. Specifically, there was nearly a century between the freeing of the slaves and the culmination of the Civil Rights movement. While it was a huge decision to be considered, the rights guaranteed to American citizens were being withheld or violated. If we are to consider the system in an international forum, we see that it comes down to the unique execution of the checks and balances. Again, considering the goal is political moderation, consider Mexico.Mexico has a similar institutional system of checks and balances, yet has an international reputation for being politically extreme. Considering Britain, a nation with unicameral legislature fused with the executive and no mechanism for judicial review, they still maintain a po litically moderate reputation. (Patterson, 2011) There is no universal best system, at least thus far. Where there have been issues with the timeliness of our own system, change does eventually occur even while maintaining that moderation which was a goal of the framers. The Three Branches of Government Legislative |Executive |Judicial | |Consists of Senate and House of |Consists of President and the Cabinet. |Consists of the federal court system, highest | |Representatives |Commander of the armed forces. |of which is the Supreme Court of the United | |Draft and approve laws for proposal to the |Essentially the leader of the nation. |States (SCOtUS) | |executive. Can sign proposed legislation into law. |Responsible for hearing cases of suit for | |Requires passing through both houses: the |Power to veto proposed legislation. |federal cases and cases where | |Senate and House of Representatives. |Appoints Supreme Court Judges and other |constitutionality may be in question. | |Have t he power to overturn executive veto with|federal officials. |Review constitutionality of policy when | |2/3 majority vote. |The cabinet carries out and enforces laws. |brought in suit. |Have the power to amend the Constitution |Cabinet members: agriculture, commerce, |Nine justices ensures a decision. Each | |Power to coin monies. |defense, education, energy, health, homeland |decision will have Court's Opinion, a | |Power to establish and maintain armed forces. |security, housing, interior, justice, labor, |commentary of the decision. | |Have the power to declare war. |state, transportation, treasury and veterans |Below the SCOtUS is the appellate court | | |affairs. system. Cases work up through the lower courts| | | |to the SCOtUS. | | | |Appellate court charged with hearing regional | | | |cases. | Branch Interaction The two bodies of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives, work together (sometimes with input from the President) to draft and discuss new policy.If after policy is written, voted upon and approved by both legislative bodies, that policy is given to the President (executive) to approve and write into law, or veto. After this the Supreme Court (judicial) has the power to review policy and weigh in on its constitutional legitimacy. A Bill Becoming a Law Following the skeleton of interaction between the branches of government previously discussed, the Bill starts as proposal from a legislative member. The bill is categorized and sent to the appropriate committee to be discussed, argued and tweaked.If the bill survives without being tabled, it is presented to both houses of Congress for debate and vote. If the bill passes these votes, it is presented to the President to either sign and enact the policy into law or to veto (deny) it. Effectiveness of the Process of Government There is a desire to have present a democracy, where the will of the majority will be driving force behind politics and policy change. To keep the majority in c heck, however, a republic is also in place. This puts into place the system of representation which will be accepting of the will of the majority (or its constituency) but not held captive by it. Patterson, 2011) The methods of selection also put varying degrees of separation between the masses and those governing, for example Representatives being elected by the people, the President being selected by the Electoral College, and Justices of the Supreme Court being nominated by the President & confirmed by Congress. What must be considered is whether or not the will and needs of the people are being represented in the making of policy. To be put in a position of representing people takes election from a particular geographic area. Those ho will be elected will, logically, be those individuals who hold and support the values of the majority of voting members of that constituency. That their job depends upon being elected initially, and then re-elected, it is in the politician's be st interest to hold his constituency’s interests at heart. Loosely, it is job security. Whether or not the agendas of the constituency or the politician's personal agenda are more represented depends on the individual representative. The framers believed it would take a representing body that was virtuous for the republic to work well in execution.But it is the whim of the people who is elected to represent them, at least in terms of Congress. It takes individual citizens being learned of actions being levied by their representatives and the individuals' duty to contact that representative or change voting habits. There is a tremendous amount of accountability on all sides to ensure the process represents the people as accurately as possible. References: Patterson, T. E. (2011). The american democracy (10th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. ———————– Goals of the Framers -Establish a government which could be strong enough to me et the needs of the nation. –Maintain integrity of states' rights –Maximize liberty and citizen influence Political Mechanics Installed –Specific granting and denial of power –Bill of Rights for personal liberties –Elections –Separation of Power and Checks and Balances Between Them: Legislative – Executive – Judicial To Accomplish This Executive (President and Cabinet) Legislative: Congress (Senate and House of Reps) Judicial (Supreme Court) Executive over Legislative -Power of veto -Recommendation of policy -Execution of policy Can call special sessions of Congress Legislative over Judicial -Dictates size and jurisdiction of courts -May rewrite judicially interpreted policy Judicial over Legislative -May interpret Constitutional legitimacy of policy -May declare policy unconstitutional Legislative over Executive -May overturn veto or impeach -Approves treaties and appointments -Enacts budget Judicial over Executive -May declar e executive action unlawful, against policy or unconstitutional – Executive over Judicial -Nominates those to serve as judges. -Can pardon anyone tried within the system (Patterson, 2011) ———————– 8